Among hospitalized patients does end of shift bedside reporting Essay

Among hospitalized patients does end of shift bedside reporting improve clinical communication and maintain patient's safety whan compared to traditional shift hand off - Essay Example munication between units and members of health care teams at various junctures of care like admission from primary care, handover from one nurse to another during nursing shift change and shift from one area of care to another area of care, physician treating to physician covering, etc. For nursing profession, change of shift report is an unique feature and involves transfer of information between nurses for the promotion of patient safety and best pratices (Caruso, 2007). According to Riegel (1985; cited in Caruso, 2007), shift report among nurses "is a system of nurse-to-nurse communication between shift changes intended to transfer essential information for safe, holistic care of patients." Deficiencies in hand-over information can lead to severe consequences like breakdowns in continuity of care, inadequate treatment and harm to the patient (DeJohn, 2009). Thus, hand-over communication is very essential for holistic, timely and effective management of any patient in any health ca re setting. There are several methods of providing hand-off information. Of these, traditional shift hand off is the most commonly employed strategy for transfer of information (DeJohn, 2009). However, some researchers argue that bedside reporting, wherein the hand-off information is provided besides the bed of the patient is a better communication strategy in terms of patient safety and continuum of care (Laws and Amato, 2010). According to Bourne (2000, cited in Caruso, 2007), nurse-to-nurse bedside reporting caused "(a) patient empowerment, (b) patient involvement, and (c) patient becoming an additional resource in diagnosis and treatment." Cahill (1998) reported that in his study, patients expressed that they be included in bedside reporting as their clinical condition improved and that they believed that bedside reporting ensured professional and safe transition of care of patient from one nurse to another. Which of the two types of hand-off communication is better can be

MHE514 Module 2 - Case, Natural Disasters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MHE514 Module 2 - Case, Natural Disasters - Essay Example re ready to provide assistance, but the paranoid rulers of Burma refused to consider any such assistance for its suffering population (Burma Reels as Storm Toll Rises, 2008). Ratnesar 2008, in his article â€Å"Is It Time to Invade Burma?† takes a look at the inadequate response of the rest of the world to the human disaster unfolding in Burma, due to the lack of concern of the ruling Burmese Junta to their sufferings and thereby denying the required and available international aid. In the face of this refusal to accept international aid, which sets a precedent for the rulers of any country to remain indifferent to human suffering, Ratnesar suggests that it is time for the rest of the world to act, through military action by the invasion of Burma, to provide relief for the suffering people. Negotiations to permit the international community, may not succeed with Burma, and hence the need for a more vigorous reaction from the rest of the world. This would have the added benefit that of letting know to rulers with a similar disposition to their citizens as the rulers of Burma that the world would not tolerate human suffering and has options to deal with it (Ratnesar, 2008). Viewed from the moral perspective, the recommendation of the author is justified. There was a human disaster unfolding in Burma, which was many hundred times the disaster that the United States faced in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina (Burma Reels as Storm Toll Rises, 2008). The paranoia of the ruling junta in Burma became an obstacle to international humanitarian aid to reduce the human suffering in Burma (Beech, 2007). This paranoia of the ruling Burmese junta had led to curtailment of movement of international NGOs, such that at the time of this human disaster there was minimal aid infrastructure in the country and hardly any international aid flowing in (Burma Reels as Storm Toll Rises, 2008). Yet, the response of the world community was lukewarm. Pressure on the rulers of Burma to relent

Macbeth Article Critique Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Article Critique Essay Overall darkness is at fault for the tragedy of Macbeth. Most scenes in story were dark and held an evil atmosphere. A.C. Bradley stated that with so much darkness surrounding the hero, (Macbeth), he was bound to be corrupted by it. The witch’s prophecy, Lady Macbeth, and the constant spilling of blood both innocent and guilty. This darkness that corrupted him led Macbeth to madness as well as his wife. He and Lady Macbeth feared the night when sleep would succumb them and their guilty conscious plagued their dreams. All their evil deeds were brought to the for-front of their minds when they were asleep and this recurring nightmare drove Lady Macbeth to take her own life. When surrounded by darkness one will eventually succumb to its overwhelming power. A.C. Bradley’s argument about the atmosphere of Macbeth was fairly logical. Except for paragraph three where his words caused confusion. Bradley states that momentary flashes of light are shown at random parts of the play. Then he proceeds onto listing those moments. However, this confuses one’ because he doesn’t state what he believes is the reason for these flashes. This paragraph makes one question whether these flashes are good or bad? Are they a sign of Macbeth turning a new leave? All these questions are a burden to the readers. Another confusing matter that comes into play after reading the article is its clarity. The article is partially written in an advanced jargon. This jargon trips up the readers and forces them to re-read the article, divide it into sections, then analyze and translate the meaning of his words. At first it is difficult to interpret the meaning of his words but once understood one would think â€Å"OH, How come I didn’t get it the first time I read it or was it always this clear†? The analyzing of Bradley’s words take up too much time and he should have written them in simpler terms. This article may have its confusing parts but it is well constructed and states the writers’ opinion clearly and methodically. The reactions it evoked from one’ were confusion, stress, and amazement. A.C. Bradley can truly write an amazing paper that makes the readers think deeply without restraint. This article made one think of questions such as â€Å" Did Shakespeare really use light as a fore-warning of an evil deed instead of a good deed?† or â€Å"Does living in a negative environment warp a person’s personality and make them evil and deadly?† the article is great and should be read and critiqued by others. The atmosphere of Macbeth was indeed dark and did weigh on the characters souls, but it is not what caused the tragic events in Macbeth. What caused the tragedy was pure human greed and lust for power. In the beginning of the play when the witches for-told Macbeth of his destiny to become king he began to think of all the ways he could hasten his crowning. However, he feared his treasonous thoughts but his wife didn’t. Ensnared in her lust for power, riches, and fame Macbeth acted on those treasonous thought and killed his king. The man he swore ever-lasting allegiance to. All this just to satisfy his and his Lady’s’ greed for the power King Duncan held. However, his crowning only led to paranoia and un-satisfaction. This is because a senseless act done out of greed can never satisfy or settle ones heart and conscious. Like Erich Fromm stated â€Å"Greed is a bottomless pit which exhausts the person in an endless effort to satisfy the need without ever ending satisfaction.† The hole that could never be filled in Macbeth drove him to madness and in the end led to his and many others’ demise. Greed, lust, and power all added together never result in a happy ending. It only leads to tragedy. The tragedy that was the atmosphere of Macbeth.

Immigration Essay -- essays research papers fc

With the many different groups of people coming to this country in search of a better life, we should cut back on who we should allow to have citizenship. There are thousands of immigrants coming to the U.S. every day. A lot of these immigrants are illegal aliens coming to the U.S. to find jobs. Whenever we catch illegals crossing our borders, we should send them right back and that would be the end of the story. Instead we are bringing them to camps to wait until the government finds out what to do with them. With so many immigrants coming over everyday, the U.S. lets people out of these camps and into our society so we can fit the new people who are coming over here in the camps. It is estimated that 4 million illegal aliens are living in the U.S. right now. That means that the government has no idea who these people are or where they are. "Nobody knows who these people are," said a Brownsville, Texas trailer-court owner Bob White. "They could be terrorist, or bandits, or typhoid carriers.† This is why the U.S. government needs to spend more money and stop immigrants at the border. If the United States didn't let any of these people in this country, we would still have people without jobs. So its not like we need these people in our country. In Mexico 60 percent of its labor force is unemployed. So a lot of these people think that there are jobs for them in the U.S., but there aren't. In the first 4 months of 1988 400,000 illegal aliens were caught trying to cross the border. That may sound like a lot, but 300,000 slipped through without being caught. That means that over 40 percent of the people that tried to get into this country illegally, succeeded. If we get more agents on guard by our borders we could cut that number to a tolerable level. Some immigrants that come to this country legally that have a good education and can work well are not a problem. The problem is that there aren't very many of these kinds of people that are trying to get into this country. Many immigrants are poor and just want jobs to keep themselves alive or to support their family. It is hard for illegal immigrants who can't prove that they are legal workers to find jobs. Some employers know from the start that the person they hired is illegal and just hire them because they will work for minimum wage or even less. Trying to get voluntary compliance not hire... ...9FC7B05&ajparam_logpickord=2&ajparam_list1=0&x=22&y=8) â€Å"Immigration and Naturalization.† Immigration and Naturalization Service. (http://www.ask.com/main/metaAnswer.asp?MetaEngine=Infoseek&logQID=6291454C1F8BD311A2D900A0C9FC7B05&qCategory=EDU_&qSource=0&frames=yes&site_name=Jeeves&scope=web&r=x&MetaTopic=U.S.+Immigration+and+Naturalization+Service&MetaURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ins.usdoj.gov%2F&EngineOrdinal=2&ItemOrdinal=1&ask=immigration+metasearch&origin=0&MetaList=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ins.usdoj.gov%2F&x=19&y=10) â€Å"American Immigration Center.† American Immigration Center USA Immigration. (http://www.ask.com/main/metaAnswer.asp?MetaEngine=WebCrawler&logQID=6291454C1F8BD311A2D900A0C9FC7B05&qCategory=EDU_&qSource=0&frames=yes&site_name=Jeeves&scope=web&r=x&MetaTopic=IMMIGRATION%3A+American+Immigration+Center+-+USA+IMMIGRATION+I&MetaURL=http%3A%2F%2Fus-immigration.com%2F&EngineOrdinal=3&ItemOrdinal=6&ask=immigration+metasearch&origin=0&MetaList=http%3A%2F%2Fus-immigration.com%2F&x=24&y=4)

Binomial Distributions in Public Health

According to Gerstman (2007), a binomial event is that which has only two outcomes, and therefore if the probability for one of the outcomes is known, then the probability that the other outcome will occur is simply the difference of the known probability from 1. Treating repeated trials as independent events, the compilation of results of a binomial experiment altering the number of desired successes while keeping the number of trials fixed forms a binomial distribution.The binomial probability distribution thus gives an idea of how likely it is that successive successes can occur over a given number of trials. For say a simple experiment of throwing a fair coin 4 times, the probability of getting a heads in any toss is 0. 5. Thus, the probability of getting no heads at all in the four tosses is 0. 5^4 while the probability of getting exactly 1 heads is 0. 5^2, and the probability of getting 2 heads is 0.5 and then the probability of getting more than 2 heads decreases in the same m anner that the probabilities increased in the progression described. If the probabilities are altered in such a way that success is much more likely in a single event than failure, then given five trials it would be expected that having successive successes would be more probable than successive failures. The binomial distribution also allows probabilities for multiple events to simply be added in order to give an idea of the total probability for that event.For example when determining what the probability of getting at most 2 heads in four tosses of a coin, the probabilities of getting exactly 0 heads, 1 heads, and 2 heads can simply be added to give the correct probability for getting no more than 2 heads. Give this nature of the binomial probability distribution, its applications to public health becomes apparent. Villeneuve (2002) states that the binomial distribution can be used â€Å"to describe the number of times an event [such as a disease] will occur in a group of [peopl e]† if the probability concerning the occurrence of that event is known.For example, if the probability of getting infected by rabies if you were bitten by a particular animal is known, then given a certain number of people who were all bitten by that particular animal in an area it would be possible to reasonably determine how many of those people are likely to be inflicted with rabies. Public health practitioners need to be well briefed with what binomial probabilities and distributions are so that they will be able to make sound decisions based on data that they have on hand.Oftentimes, public health practitioners that have responsibilities at the macro-level are placed with decisions involving prioritization wherein the one responsible needs to make a decision that would concern the division of a limited amount of resources. With information that can be modeled using a binomial distribution, the public health practitioner would be able to have a more reliable idea on how t o allocate such resources.Going back to the example of rabies, if several outbreaks occurred at the same time in different areas with a different animal causing each outbreak, then based on the probability of getting rabies from each particular animal and the number of patients bitten in each area, a public health practitioner can use binomial distributions as a good basis for allocating a limited number of personnel, equipment, and medicine for each of the areas. Many diseases such as cancer or AIDS can be described as a binomial experiment. That is, one either has cancer or does not and one either has AIDS or does not.In such cases, knowledge of the binomial distribution can be very useful to public health officers in enabling them to predict the likelihoods associated with the condition occurring on a certain population. References Gerstman, B. (2007). Basic Biostatistics: Statistics for Public Health Practice. Jones & Bartlett Villeneuve, P. (2002). â€Å"Binomial Distribution. † Encyclopedia of Public Health. Ed. Lester Breslow. Gale Cengage. Retrieved December 26, 2008 from eNotes. com: http://www. enotes. com/public-health-encyclopedia/binomial-distribution

Animal Testing Should Not Be Banned - 1786 Words

Should animals really be used for practicing medicine, cosmetics, and diseases that only inflict pain and suffering on them? Animal testing is controversial because scientists believe that the tests are doing a good deed to society by using animals to test products that may not be safe to humans, but animal testing is an inhuman practice and is animal abuse. The animals that are being used for the testing are the ones that do not cause harm to us and even help balance the ecosystem such as rats, rabbits, cats, snakes, cows, sheep, etc. Animals should not be used in this manner, there are much safer uses that can benefit humans that do not allow animals to suffer in such ways. Dogs and cats make great family house pets, cows provide us with dairy products, rabbits fertilize and graze the grass, and so on and so forth. So why do experimenters feel that it is okay to take them from their natural habitat and perform procedures that do not guarantee results? First of all, researchers us e animals for all sorts of vaccines and medical testing. This results in mutations and infertile offspring along with other complications. Farm animals are the biggest victim when it comes to mutations in their offspring. Researchers are trying to improve food products by remodeling how farm animal’s reproductive systems work. â€Å"Cows, which normally bear one calf at a time, have been retooled to have twins and triplets, which often emerge weakened or deformed, dying in such numbers that evenShow MoreRelatedShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words   |  3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. Have you ever check if there’s animal testing on the cosmetics before you buy it? Today, a lot of cosmetics has been testing on helpless animals and there are about 1.4 million animals die each year from animal testing ( CatalanoJ, 1994). Most of the experiments that are completed in the laboratories are very cruelRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned880 Words   |  4 Pagesdepending on animals testing. Therefore, if people talk about laboratories, they should remember animal experiments. Those animals have the right to live, according to people who dislike the idea of doing testing on animals; the other opinion, supports the idea of animal testing as the important part of the source of what has reached medicine of the results and solutions for diseases prevalent in every time and place. Each year huge numbers of animals a re sacrificed for the science all these animals, whetherRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned776 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Should be Banned  ¨Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisioned and abused in US labs every year ¨ ( ¨11 Facts About Animal Testing ¨). Imagine if that was someones animal getting tortured in labs just to test things such as beauty products and perfume. Animal testing was first suggested when,  ¨Charles Darwin evolutionary theory in the mid 1850s also served to suggest that animals could serve as effective models to facilitate biological understanding in humans ¨ (Murnaghan)Read MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned940 Words   |  4 Pages1). Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused in US labs every year. 2). 92% of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials. (DoSomething â€Å"11 Facts About Animal Testing†). There are currently no laws combating the testing of cosmetics on animals, but the practice is harmful and must be ended. As evidenced by the statistics above, millions of animals are tortured and murdered in the United States every year for virtually no reasonRead MoreShould Animal Testing Be Banned?1665 Words   |  7 PagesTesting Cosmetics on Animals Companies around the world use animals to test cosmetics. Animals, such as rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, and mice, are used to test the effects of chemicals on the eyes and skin. While animal testing is not mandatory, many companies use it. About Cosmetics Animal Testing by the Humane Society International talks about the different options companies have that do not require the cruel use and eventual death of animals. The article also talks about the overallRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1572 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Testing Every year, over two hundred million innocent animals are injured or killed in scientific experiments across the world. Of those animals, between seventeen and twenty million are used in the United States alone. It is said that an animal dies in a laboratory every three seconds (Animal Testing 101). Those in favor of animal experimentation say they are taking animals’ lives to save humans. It is not necessary to subject animals to torturous conditions or painful experiments in theRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is being used by different organizations all over the world to prevent specific diseases, especially cancer. Americans see animal testing having a harmful effect but it is one of the main reasons why society has most cures for some illnesses. This topic is important because people need to know what goes on during animal testing and why it is very beneficial. Animal testing needs to be used to find all cures. Some ani mals such as chimps/ monkeys have 90% of the same DNA humans haveRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1721 Words   |  7 Pages † Today, more animals are being used in experiments than ever before: around 100 million in the United States alone† (3). Animal testing is now an international issue, and it is becoming a major story. Currently, animals are often used in medical testing, make-up testing, and other consumer product testing. Animals used in such product testing are often abused and suffer from serious side-effects. Animal testing can be painful for the animals, testing results are usually not even useable forRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1364 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefit. Using animals for these experimentations usually does not come to mind. Animals are often abused, suffer, and even die during laboratory testing for the benefits of people to make sure medications, household products, newest procedures, and cosmetics are safe and effective for human use. Humans have benefited from animal testing for years while these animals suffer consequences with no positive outcomes for themselves. Even if a product or procedure is deemed successful, these animals are frequentlyRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Testing Should Be Banned Throughout the decades, animals have been used in medical research to test the safety of cosmetics including makeup, hair products, soaps, perfume, and countless of other products. Animals have also been used to test antibiotics and other medicines to eliminate any potential risks that they could cause to humans. The number of animals worldwide that are used in laboratory experiments yearly exceeds 115 million animals. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of

Night Activities And Sleep Runs - 1570 Words

The audience is left in as much ambiguity as felt throughout the performance, appropriately ending the play in a puzzling state of confusion. The theme of night activities and sleep-runs are found throughout the play. The majority of the plot takes place at night, even the rehearsal for the farcical play. All the mishaps occur during the midnight hours and the confusion is not cleared up until the next morning when the four lovers are discovered. This setting of night allows for the audience to drift into the idea that the entire show very well could have been a fantastical dream. Therefore, there is no other way for Shakespeare to end this crazy entanglement of lovers, mythological beings, fairies, and artisans but to explain it as a†¦show more content†¦Therefore we as the audience ask ourselves, is love controlled by human beings who love one another or is love controlled by a higher power? There are many people who believe that a higher power has control over love. An example of a higher power would be a cupid, a flying angel-type creature who is supposed to shoot arrows at people to make them fall in love. There are other people who reject the idea that a higher power controls love and that the people who experience love can control it. In the play, A Midsummer Night s Dream, several examples of love s association with a higher power are presented. With the use of examples from the above novel, I will try to pre sent the audience that love is associated with a higher power. Examples like: Thesius arranging a marriage between himself and Hippolyta, Egeus choosing who Hermia should marry and the fairies who have the ability to control love in the Enchanted Forest. This is where most of the action in the play takes place, in the forest which is controlled by the mystic creatures, fairies, which have the power to make humans fall in love with people that they don t really know or care about. In the story, the supreme ruler of Athens, Thesius ends up marrying Hippolyta, the Queen of the Amazon. However, during the whole story, Hippolyta never thoroughly discusses her feelings and ideas about the marriage. She acts as if she has no choice but to marry